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3D as‐built environments in extended reality applications: a systematic review

Identificadores del recurso

The Photogrammetric Record, 41(194): e70046 (2026)

0031868X

14779730

http://hdl.handle.net/11093/11956

10.1111/phor.70046

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phor.70046

Procedencia

(Investigo)

Ficha

Título:: 3D as‐built environments in extended reality applications: a systematic review
Tema:: 3308 Ingeniería y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente
Descripción:: Accurate integration and navigation of real‐world 3D spaces are fundamental for next‐generation Extended Reality (XR) systems, enhancing immersion, utility, and fidelity. This paper systematically reviews XR workflows using PRISMA guidelines, focusing on 3D data acquisition, modeling, visualization, and user interaction, based on 96 journal publications. Data collection for XR relies on photogrammetry, RGB‐D cameras, and LiDAR, often enhanced by multi‐sensor fusion, although real‐time transmission and semantic alignment remain challenging. XR pipelines are dominated by Building Information Modeling (BIM) software and game engines, frequently integrating Computer‐Aided Design (CAD) models and 3D scanned data. Visualization varies from photorealistic renderings to schematic representations, with Virtual Reality headsets favored for training and Augmented Reality devices applied in inspection and navigation. Interaction paradigms encompass controllers, gestures, gaze, voice, and haptics, with increasing reliance on Artificial Intelligence for multimodal fusion and processing. Despite progress, key challenges persist, including bandwidth limitations, manual 3D modeling, hybrid data management, interoperability issues, and scarcity of open‐source solutions. Additional identified barriers involve balancing visual quality with performance in specific contexts, limited accuracy of non‐invasive Brain‐Computer Interfaces, and restricted market acceptance due to high costs. Overall, XR adoption remains constrained by technical, usability, and accessibility gaps.; Universidade de Vigo/CISUG; Xunta de Galicia | Ref. EDC431C 2024/30; Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2024/06; Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC2022-038100-I; Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-123475OA-I00; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | Ref. 499168241; National Research Council of Finland; Business Finland | Ref. MIXER (3475/31/2023)
Idioma:: English
Relación:: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-123475OA-I00/ES; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/RYC2022-038100-I/ES; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101129961
Autor/Productor:: Balado Frías, Jesús; Feng, Yu; Qiu , Zhouyan; Gao, Weixiao; Julin, Arttu
Editor:: The Photogrammetric Record; Enxeñaría dos recursos naturais e medio ambiente; Xeotecnoloxías Aplicadas
Derechos:: Attribution 4.0 International; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; openAccess
Fecha:: 2026-04-27T11:00:26Z; 2026-04; 2026-04-21T07:45:33Z
Tipo de recurso:: article

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